There are two things in play here:
What gauge wire is run from the battery(s) and is it big enough for the new installation? You can get the recommended size from the Motorguide website.
Is the 24V motor a two or three wire system? Some motors use both 12V & 24V and if yours has three wires then you are going to have to run at least one more wire from the batteries to the connector. (BTW - I doubt yours is a three wire system as my 36V Motorguide TM is just two wire.)
So if the wires that are run ARE big enough and your 24V motor is a two wire the answer is: Yes