If you can fish on post then you have several lakes to choose from. Mott Lake is the biggest and no engine hp restrictions. There are several others that are smaller and probably would just need the trolling motor. I haven't fished on post in years. I'd be afraid I'd mess up a prop in some of those lakes.
Not too much off post of any size that I can think of. Lake Rim, no outboards there. Cape fear river is just downtown.
This probably wasn't much help, but I always drove to Jordan every weekend even when I lived in Raeford. 60 miles one way to the nearest ramp but well worth it. Don't forget about Harris lake, its maybe a little bit closer depending on what route you take.